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Fifth Avenue Hotel
The Fifth Avenue Hotel was a luxury hotel located at 200 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, New York City from 1859 to 1908. It occupied the full Fifth Avenue frontage between 23rd Street and 24th Street, at the southwest corner of Madison Square.
== Site and construction ==
The site that would become the Fifth Avenue Hotel was once the location of "Madison Cottage", a frame structure with an eighteenth-century core〔The farmhouse of John Horn, from which the Bloomingdale Road took its start, was shifted from its position in the middle of the surveyed but unbuilt Fifth Avenue in November 1839. (Kelley, Frank Bergen and Hagaman, Edward. ''Historical Guide to the City of New York'' (History Club of New York ) 1909:112).〕 that had served as a stagecoach stop for passengers headed north from the city. From 1853 to 1856 it was replaced by Franconi's Hippodrome, a tent-like structure of canvas and wood which could accommodate up to 10,000 spectators who watched chariot races and other "Amusesments of the Ancient Greeks and Romans".〔Wilson, 1902:242. "This huge arena seated about six thousand people with room for three thousand standees. The structure was rather an immense tent than a building. Pageants with elephants and camels, chariot races, and gladiatorial contests in keeping with the Roman name were staged there for two seasons, but the enterprise was not a financial success." Patterson, Jerry E. ''Fifth Avenue: The Best Address'' 1998.〕〔''Event Horizon: Mad. Sq. Art.: Antony Gromley'' (installation guide ), published by the Madison Square Park Conservancy (2010)〕〔, p.24〕 It was this structure that was torn down to make way for the hotel.
The Fifth Avenue Hotel was built in 1856–59 by Amos Richards Eno at the cost of $2 million, was designed by Griffith Thomas with William Washburn.〔 p. 672〕 At the time of its construction it stood so far uptown from the centers of city life it was dubbed "Eno's Folly";〔For comparison, Fifth Avenue's first hotel, the stylish Brevoort Hotel, opened just eight years earlier (1851), stood on the northeast corner at ''Eighth Street''.〕 New York bankers refused to capitalize the project, and Eno turned to Boston for funding.
The hotel, which quickly developed a reputation as New York's most elegant, became "the social, cultural political hub of elite New York,"〔 and brought in a quarter of a million dollars a year in profits.〔Miller 2001:47〕 It spurred development of additional hotels to the north and west,〔(Landmarks Preservation Commission designation summary for The Wilbraham, 8 June 2004 ),〕 in the neighborhood known now as NoMad ("North of Madison Square Park").
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